How to Grow Pear Trees

These deciduous trees belong to the Rosaceae family and are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa. With their elegant branches adorned in delicate blossoms and their branches heavy with sweet and juicy pears, pear trees offer a delightful experience for gardeners and fruit enthusiasts alike. Whether you're seeking a delectable snack, a versatile cooking ingredient, or simply the joy of tending to a beautiful tree, pear trees are a wonderful choice.

Join us as we explore the enchanting world of pear trees, from their fascinating history to their cultivation, care, and the abundant rewards they bring.

 

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Types of Pear Trees

European pear trees (Pyrus communis) and Asian pear trees (Pyrus pyrifolia) have several differences in terms of their characteristics, fruit, and growing requirements. Here are some key distinctions:

Fruit Shape and Texture:

European pears typically have a rounded or bell-shaped fruit with a smooth skin. The texture of European pears is often buttery and soft when ripe. In contrast, Asian pears have a round, apple-like shape with a crisp and crunchy texture, similar to an apple.

Flavor:

European pears are known for their sweet and juicy flavor, with variations in taste depending on the variety. They can range from mildly sweet to very sweet. Asian pears, on the other hand, have a refreshing and slightly tart flavor, often described as a cross between a pear and an apple.

Harvest Time:

European pear varieties are typically harvested in late summer or early fall, depending on the specific variety and location. Asian pears are usually harvested in late summer or early autumn, earlier than European pears.

Pollination:

European pear trees generally require cross-pollination from a different variety to produce fruit. They rely on bees and other pollinators to transfer pollen between trees. Some Asian pear varieties are self-fertile, meaning they can produce fruit without cross-pollination. However, cross-pollination can still improve fruit set and quality for Asian pears.

Growing Conditions:

European pear trees are more adaptable to a wider range of climates and can tolerate colder temperatures compared to Asian pear trees. Asian pear trees prefer milder climates and are more susceptible to frost damage. They thrive in regions with warm summers and cool winters.

Tree Shape and Size:

European pear trees tend to have a more upright and pyramidal growth habit, reaching heights of 15 to 30 feet (4.5 to 9 meters). Asian pear trees have a more spreading growth habit and can grow up to 20 feet (6 meters) in height.

It's important to note that these are general differences, and there are many varieties within each category that may have unique characteristics. When selecting pear trees for your garden, consider your climate, taste preferences, and pollination requirements to choose the best variety for your needs.

 

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Planting Location

Plant Pear trees in locations that get full sun, that is, at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. Moist, but well drained soil is preferred

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Pear Fertilizing

For new plantings use bonemeal or myke in the planting hole. You can also use a liquid transplant fertilizer when watering recently planted trees. For established pear trees, apply Fruit Tree and Berry food in early spring, before new growth starts.
 

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Pear Pollination

European Pear Pollination

European pear trees require cross-pollination to produce fruit. This means that they need pollen from a different pear tree variety to fertilize their flowers and initiate fruit development. The process of pollination involves transferring pollen from the male reproductive organs (stamens) of one tree to the female reproductive organs (pistils) of another tree.

To ensure successful pollination, it is important to have compatible pear tree varieties that bloom at the same time. Bees and other pollinators play a crucial role in transferring pollen between trees. They are attracted to the flowers' nectar and inadvertently carry pollen from one tree to another as they move between blossoms.

When selecting pear tree varieties for cross-pollination, it is essential to choose cultivars that bloom simultaneously or have overlapping bloom periods. Some popular European pear tree varieties that are known to be good pollinators include Bartlett, Bosc, Anjou, and Comice. It is recommended to plant at least two different varieties within close proximity to ensure adequate cross-pollination. In some cases, Pears will produce a few fruit without the presence of a pollinator

Remember that weather conditions, such as rain or wind, can affect pollination. If the weather is unfavorable during the blooming period, it may hinder the pollinators' activity and reduce the chances of successful pollination. In such cases, hand pollination can be done by transferring pollen from one tree to another using a small brush or cotton swab.

By ensuring proper cross-pollination, European pear trees can produce abundant and high-quality fruit.  

Asian Pear Tree Pollination

Asian pear trees, also known as Pyrus pyrifolia, have unique pollination requirements. Unlike European pear trees, some Asian pear varieties are self-fertile, meaning they can produce fruit without cross-pollination. However, cross-pollination can still improve fruit set and quality.

If you have a self-fertile Asian pear tree, it can produce fruit on its own. However, planting a different Asian pear variety nearby can increase the chances of successful pollination and result in a larger harvest. It's best to choose a compatible variety that blooms around the same time.

For Asian pear trees that are not self-fertile, cross-pollination is necessary for fruit production. You will need to plant at least two different Asian pear varieties that bloom at the same time and are compatible for pollination. Bees and other pollinators play a crucial role in transferring pollen between the flowers of different trees.

Some popular Asian pear varieties include Hosui, Shinseiki, Chojuro, and 20th Century. It's important to select varieties that have overlapping bloom periods to ensure successful pollination. Planting these varieties in close proximity will increase the chances of cross-pollination.

If you are unsure about the pollination requirements of your specific Asian pear tree variety, it's always a good idea to consult a local nursery or horticulturist for guidance. They can provide specific recommendations based on your location and the varieties you have.

Remember, providing a suitable environment for pollinators, such as planting flowers that attract bees and avoiding the use of pesticides harmful to pollinators, can also enhance the pollination process and increase fruit production.

 

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Pear Pruning

Pruning pear trees is an important practice to maintain their health, shape, and productivity. Here are some general guidelines for pruning pear trees:

Timing:

Prune pear trees during late winter or early spring while they are still dormant, before new growth begins. This allows the tree to heal quickly and minimizes the risk of disease transmission.

Remove Dead, Diseased, or Damaged Wood:

Start by removing any dead, diseased, or damaged branches. These can be identified by their lack of foliage, discoloration, or signs of decay. Make clean cuts just outside the branch collar, the swollen area where the branch meets the trunk or another branch.

Thin Out Overcrowded Branches:

Look for branches that are crossing, rubbing against each other, or growing too closely together. Selectively remove some of these branches to improve air circulation and sunlight penetration. Aim to maintain an open and balanced canopy.

Maintain a Central Leader or Open Center Shape:

Depending on the desired shape, you can prune pear trees to have a central leader (main vertical trunk) or an open center (vase-like shape). For a central leader, select a strong, upright branch as the central leader and prune other branches to maintain a pyramidal shape. For an open center, remove the central leader and encourage the growth of several main branches that radiate outward.

Manage Height and Size:

If your pear tree is getting too tall or wide, you can prune the upper branches to reduce height or selectively remove some lateral branches to control width. However, avoid excessive pruning that can stimulate excessive vegetative growth at the expense of fruit production.

Prune for Fruit Production:

Pear trees bear fruit on spurs, which are short, stubby branches that develop on older wood. To encourage fruiting, selectively prune branches to maintain a good balance between vegetative growth and fruiting wood. Avoid removing too many spurs or fruiting wood.

Step Back and Assess:

Throughout the pruning process, step back occasionally to assess the overall shape and balance of the tree. Aim for a well-spaced, open canopy that allows sunlight to reach all parts of the tree.

Remember, these are general guidelines, and the specific pruning techniques may vary depending on the age, size, and variety of your pear tree. It's always a good idea to consult pruning resources or seek advice from a local horticulturist or arborist for more specific guidance based on your tree's needs.

Pear Care & Maintenance

Apply a yearly application of Dormant OIl and Lime Sulphur spray in late winter, before new growth emerges. These products smother over wintering insects and help prevent disease. Apply a 2-3 inch layer of mulch around the base of tree in fall to protect it from winter cold. Keep several inches away from the trunk clear of mulch.

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Common European Pear Varieties

Bartlett

Also known as Williams' Bon Chrétien, Bartlett is one of the most widely grown pear varieties. It has a classic bell shape, smooth green skin that turns yellow when ripe, and a sweet, juicy, and aromatic flavor. Bartlett pears are excellent for eating fresh, canning, and baking.

Anjou:

Anjou pears have a rounder shape and a smooth green skin that does not change color as it ripens. They have a mild and sweet flavor with a slightly firm texture, making them versatile for both eating fresh and cooking.

Bosc:

Bosc pears are easily recognizable by their elongated neck and russeted brown skin. They have a dense and buttery texture, with a sweet and slightly spicy flavor. Bosc pears are excellent for baking, poaching, and enjoying fresh.

Comice:

Comice pears are known for their large size, round shape, and greenish-yellow skin with a red blush. They have a creamy and juicy texture, with a sweet and floral flavor. Comice pears are often considered one of the most flavorful varieties and are great for eating fresh or in salads.

Conference:

Conference pears have a long and slender shape with a greenish-yellow skin that develops a red blush as it ripens. They have a sweet and slightly tangy flavor, along with a firm and crisp texture. Conference pears are good for eating fresh and cooking.

Seckel:

Seckel pears are small in size but pack a lot of flavor. They have a round shape and a reddish-brown skin with a sweet and spicy flavor. Seckel pears are often enjoyed as a snack, in salads, or used for canning and baking.

Clapp's Favorite:

Clapp's Favorite pears have a similar appearance to Bartlett pears, with a yellow skin that may have a red blush. They have a sweet and juicy flavor, with a smooth and buttery texture. Clapp's Favorite pears are great for eating fresh and canning.

Forelle:

Forelle pears are small and have a distinctive appearance with a yellow-green skin covered in red freckles. They have a crisp and juicy texture, along with a sweet and slightly tangy flavor. Forelle pears are often enjoyed as a snack or used in salads.

Common Asian Pear Varieties

Hosui:

Hosui pears have a round shape and a golden-brown skin. They have a crisp and juicy texture, along with a sweet and slightly tangy flavor. Hosui pears are excellent for eating fresh and are known for their high productivity.

Shinseiki:

Shinseiki pears are medium-sized with a round shape and a yellow-green skin. They have a crisp and juicy texture, along with a sweet and refreshing flavor. Shinseiki pears are one of the most popular Asian pear varieties and are great for eating fresh and in salads.

Chojuro:

Chojuro pears have a round shape and a russeted brown skin. They have a firm and crunchy texture, along with a sweet and slightly tart flavor. Chojuro pears are often enjoyed as a snack, in salads, or used for baking and cooking.

20th Century:

20th Century pears, also known as Nijisseiki, have a round shape and a yellow-green skin. They have a crisp and juicy texture, along with a sweet and mild flavor. 20th Century pears are excellent for eating fresh and are widely used in Asian cuisine.

Shinko:

Shinko pears have a round shape and a golden-brown skin. They have a crisp and juicy texture, along with a sweet and aromatic flavor. Shinko pears are versatile and can be enjoyed fresh, used in cooking, or made into preserves.

Ya Li:

Ya Li pears have a unique shape, resembling a large apple with a yellow-green skin. They have a crisp and juicy texture, along with a sweet and fragrant flavor. Ya Li pears are often enjoyed as a snack and are popular in Asian cuisine.

Kosui

Kosui pears have a round shape and a yellow-brown skin. They have a crisp and juicy texture, along with a sweet and aromatic flavor. Kosui pears are excellent for eating fresh and are known for their early ripening.